Acontecimientos

Acontecimientos documentados clave en Irán desde 1979: masacres, ejecuciones, olas de protesta y puntos de inflexión legales.

47 entradas

• Islamic Republic established — Revolution overthrows the Pahlavi monarchy; the Islamic Republic is proclaimed with Ayatollah Khomeini as Supreme Leader.
• First women's protest against compulsory hijab — Tens of thousands of women march in Tehran on International Women's Day against Khomeini's decree ordering women to wear the veil at work.
• Habib Elghanian executed — Prominent Iranian-Jewish industrialist executed by firing squad after a two-hour tribunal, signalling the fate of Iran's Jewish community.
• U.S. embassy hostage crisis begins — Students seize the U.S. embassy in Tehran; 52 Americans are held for 444 days, defining the new republic's foreign posture.
• Farrokhroo Parsa executed — Iran's first woman cabinet minister is shot by firing squad, wrapped in a sack, for the crime of expanding girls' education.
• Iran–Iraq War begins — Iraq invades. Eight years of war leave up to a million dead and give the regime cover for mass domestic repression.
• Beginning of mass executions of MEK and leftist activists — Following clashes with the People's Mojahedin, thousands of political prisoners are arrested, tortured, and executed over the next two years.
• Ten Bahá'í women hanged in Shiraz — Ten Bahá'í women, including 17-year-old Mona Mahmudnizhad, are hanged for teaching Bahá'í Sunday schools.
• 1988 mass executions begin — Khomeini's fatwa launches the secret killing of an estimated 5,000+ political prisoners in a matter of months, buried in mass graves at Khavaran and other sites.
• Chain murders of dissidents — Ministry of Intelligence agents assassinate a series of dissident writers and intellectuals — Dariush Forouhar, Mohammad Mokhtari, Mohammad Jafar Pouyandeh — in a wave later admitted by the ministry itself.
• Tehran University dormitory attack — Plainclothes forces attack students in their dorms after a peaceful protest over a banned newspaper; sparks the first mass student uprising.
• Zahra Kazemi killed in custody — Iranian-Canadian photojournalist dies of a fractured skull after being detained outside Evin. Iranian doctor Shahram Azam later testifies she was raped and tortured.
• Green Movement erupts — Millions take to the streets against the disputed re-election of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, chanting 'Where is my vote?'
• Neda Agha-Soltan killed — 26-year-old music student shot in the chest at a Tehran protest; her death, filmed on a mobile phone, becomes the symbol of the Green Movement.
• Day of Rage protests — Solidarity protests with the Arab Spring; Mousavi and Karroubi placed under house arrest — where they remain more than a decade later.
• Blogger Sattar Beheshti dies under torture — Sattar Beheshti dies days after being arrested by Iran's Cyber Police for critical Facebook posts.
• Mashhad protests spread nationwide — Economic protests that started in Mashhad spread to more than 100 cities; at least 25 people killed and thousands arrested.
• Vida Movahed on Enghelab Street — Vida Movahed climbs a utility box in central Tehran, removes her white headscarf and waves it on a stick; scores of 'Girls of Enghelab Street' follow suit.
• Kavous Seyed-Emami dies in Evin — Iranian-Canadian sociologist and environmentalist is reported to have hanged himself in Evin's Ward 209 two weeks after his arrest.
• Bloody November begins — Fuel-price hike sparks the largest anti-regime protests in a generation; a week-long internet blackout follows and Amnesty documents at least 304 killings.
• IRGC shoots down Flight PS752 — Ukraine International Airlines Flight 752 is downed by two IRGC missiles minutes after takeoff, killing all 176 aboard, most Iranian and Iranian-Canadian civilians.
• Navid Afkari secretly hanged — Champion wrestler executed at dawn while an appeal was pending, on a confession his family said was extracted under torture.
• Journalist Ruhollah Zam executed — Founder of the Amadnews channel, lured from Paris to Iraq and abducted, is hanged after a televised confession.
• Mahsa Amini detained by morality police — Jina Mahsa Amini, 22, is arrested in Tehran for 'improper hijab' and taken to Vozara detention centre.
• Mahsa Amini dies in hospital — Amini dies after three days in a coma; protests erupt in Saqqez and Tehran the same night. 'Woman, Life, Freedom' is born.
• Zahedan Bloody Friday — Security forces open fire on Baluch worshippers after Friday prayers, killing more than 100 in a single day — the deadliest single incident of the uprising.
• Asra Panahi killed at Ardabil school — 15-year-old Asra Panahi dies after security forces raid her school when students refuse to sing a pro-regime anthem.
• Izeh massacre — Nine-year-old Kian Pirfalak and at least six others are shot dead in Izeh, deepening national outrage.
• First protest execution: Mohsen Shekari — Mohsen Shekari, 23, is hanged after a closed-door trial without a chosen lawyer — the first execution tied directly to the uprising.
• Majidreza Rahnavard publicly hanged — Rahnavard, 23, is publicly hanged from a crane in Mashhad only 23 days after his arrest.
• Karami and Hosseini executed — Mohammad Mehdi Karami and Seyed Mohammad Hosseini are hanged after a rushed trial; both said they had confessed under torture.
• UN Fact-Finding Mission established — The UN Human Rights Council creates an independent Fact-Finding Mission on Iran to investigate rights violations linked to the uprising.
• Narges Mohammadi awarded Nobel Peace Prize — Imprisoned human-rights defender Narges Mohammadi wins the Nobel Peace Prize for her fight against oppression of women in Iran.
• Armita Geravand collapses on Tehran Metro — 16-year-old Armita Geravand loses consciousness after an alleged encounter with morality-police enforcers over her hijab; she dies 28 days later.
• Ghobadlou and Nafisi executed — Mohammad Ghobadlou, a protester with mental illness, and Kianoush Nafisi are hanged despite international appeals.
• Iran launches direct strikes on Israel — Iran launches its first direct missile and drone attack on Israel; regional escalation deepens.
• Rapper Toomaj Salehi sentenced to death — Revolutionary court sentences protest rapper Toomaj Salehi to death for 'corruption on earth'; sentence overturned in June 2024 but he remains jailed.
• 'Noor Plan' hijab crackdown launches — Police launch a nationwide 'Noor' (Light) Plan to arrest women without hijab; independent monitors document tens of thousands of stops in weeks.
• President Raisi killed in helicopter crash — Ebrahim Raisi — architect of the 1988 executions and hardline Woman-Life-Freedom crackdown — dies in a helicopter crash in East Azerbaijan.
• Masoud Pezeshkian elected president — Reformist-aligned Pezeshkian wins snap elections; repression of dissent and women continues unchanged.
• Protester Gholamreza Rasaei hanged — Yarsani-Kurdish protester hanged in secret in Kermanshah on the basis of a coerced confession.
• Jamshid Sharmahd executed — German-Iranian dissident kidnapped in Dubai four years earlier is secretly executed; Germany closes all Iranian consulates.
• Journalist Kianoosh Sanjari takes his own life — Sanjari kills himself in central Tehran after posting a final message demanding the release of four named political prisoners.
• Chastity and Hijab law approved — Guardian Council approves the Hijab and Chastity law, imposing prison terms and heavy fines on women appearing unveiled in public and on businesses that serve them.
• Israel–Iran war — Israel launches a 12-day air campaign against Iranian military and nuclear sites; U.S. strikes follow. Ceasefire on 24 June.
• Execution wave surpasses 1,000 — Iran Human Rights records more than 1,000 executions in 2025, the highest in more than three decades.
• Labour Day protests spread — May Day workers' protests across at least 15 cities are met with mass arrests and rubber-bullet fire.

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Cada registro se compila a partir de informes publicados por Amnistía Internacional, Human Rights Watch, Iran Human Rights (IHR), HRANA, la Misión de Investigación de la ONU sobre Irán y el Centro Boroumand. Cada entrada enlaza a su fuente cuando es pública.

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