Gasht-e Ershad 是什么意思？
这个波斯语名称翻译为 “指导巡逻队”。外国媒体称之为“道德警察”。它是伊朗国家警察FARAJA的一个部门，而非 伊斯兰革命卫队 ——尽管巴斯基民兵和志愿“头巾执法者”与其并行运作。
巡逻队如何运作？
由两到四名警官组成的小队（通常包括一名身着查多尔罩袍的女性）乘坐白绿相间的面包车，在地铁入口、公园、商场和大学门口巡逻。被认为不合规的女性会受到警告、拍照，并经常被带到拘留中心接受“再教育”训诫、罚款或移交法庭。自2024年起，巡逻队还配备了摄像头监控、短信警告、车辆扣押和商业场所查封等辅助手段。
谁在被拘留后死亡？
| 姓名 | 年龄 | 日期 | 事件经过 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 玛莎（吉娜）·阿米尼 | 22 | 2022年9月13日至16日 | 在哈卡尼地铁站被拘留；羁押期间昏迷，三日后死亡。联合国实况调查团认定其死因系国家人员实施的肢体暴力。 |
| 阿尔米塔·格拉万德 | 16 | 2023年10月1日至28日 | 在德黑兰地铁上与头巾执法者发生冲突后昏迷，四周后死亡。 |
| 阿雷祖·巴德里 | 31 | 2024年7月22日 | 在 |
Was Gasht-e Ershad abolished?
No. In December 2022 the prosecutor-general remarked that the patrol had been “shut down”. The Interior Ministry never confirmed it, no decree was published, and patrols were filmed again within weeks. The claim circulated mainly in foreign coverage.
What law is being enforced?
Compulsory veiling was imposed by decree in March 1979 and written into the penal code in 1983. Later hijab and chastity legislation extended penalties to fines, travel and banking restrictions, and business closures. Our hijab law page sets out the texts and the penalties in force.
Frequently asked questions
What is Gasht-e Ershad?
The Guidance Patrol: the unit of Iran's national police created in 2005 to enforce compulsory hijab and public chastity rules, mainly against women.
Is Gasht-e Ershad still active in 2026?
Yes. It was never legally dissolved and returned openly with the Noor Plan in April 2024, combining street patrols with camera surveillance and business closures.
Did Gasht-e Ershad kill Mahsa Amini?
A Guidance Patrol unit detained her on 13 September 2022. She collapsed in custody within two hours and died on 16 September. The UN Fact-Finding Mission concluded her death resulted from physical violence by state agents.
What is the Noor Plan?
A nationwide hijab crackdown announced in April 2024, involving mass warnings, arrests, sealed businesses and, in at least one documented case, police gunfire.
Is Gasht-e Ershad part of the IRGC?
No. It belongs to FARAJA, the national police, although Basij units and volunteer enforcers linked to the IRGC carry out similar enforcement.
What happens to women who are detained?
Most are held for hours at a detention centre, made to sign a pledge and released; others face fines, prosecution, university or job penalties.