Who was Mahsa Amini?
Mahsa Amini — known in Kurdish as Jina (Jîna) — was born on 22 September 1999 in Saqqez, a Kurdish-majority city in Iran's Kordestan province. At the time of her death she was 22, had just been admitted to university in Urmia, and was visiting Tehran with her family.
Her Kurdish given name, Jina (meaning "life"), was banned for official documents by the Islamic Republic, which is why her identity card carried the Persian name "Mahsa". Many Kurds and women's-rights activists deliberately use both names — Jina Mahsa Amini — to mark that erasure.
What happened on 13 September 2022?
On the afternoon of 13 September 2022, Amini and her brother Kiarash were leaving Haqqani Metro Station in Tehran when she was stopped by the Guidance Patrol (Gasht-e Ershad) for an alleged "improper" hijab. Witnesses, including her brother, reported that she was beaten as she was forced into a van and taken to the Vozara detention centre for a "re-education" briefing.
What happened in custody?
Within two hours of her arrest, Amini collapsed at the Vozara facility. She was transferred to Kasra Hospital in a coma with signs of severe head trauma. Leaked CT scans published by Iran International and verified by independent radiologists showed skull fractures consistent with blunt-force injury. She never regained consciousness and was declared dead on 16 September 2022.
Iranian authorities claimed she died of a "sudden heart attack" caused by a pre-existing condition. Her family and doctors familiar with her medical history publicly rejected this account. The UN Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Iran later concluded that her death was the result of "physical violence" inflicted by state agents.
What happened at her funeral?
Amini was buried in Saqqez on 17 September 2022. At her graveside, women removed and waved their headscarves, chanting "Jin, Jiyan, Azadî" (Kurdish: Woman, Life, Freedom). Security forces opened fire on mourners. Within 48 hours, protests had spread from Kurdistan to Tehran, Mashhad, Shiraz, Isfahan, Zahedan, and dozens of other cities.
What did her death trigger?
The protests that followed became the ڕاپەڕینی Zan, Zendegi, Azadi — یەکەم ڕاپەڕین لە مێژووی کۆماری ئیسلامیدا کە لەلایەن ژنانەوە ڕێبەرایەتی کرا و هەموو چینە کۆمەڵایەتییەکان، نەتەوە و ناوچەکان بەشدارییان تێدا کرد. لە نێوان سێپتێمبەری 2022 تا سەرەتای 2023، ڕێکخراوی مافی مرۆڤی ئێران و HRANA بەلایەنی کەمەوە کوشتنی 551 خۆپیشاندەریان بەڵگە کردووە، لەوانە 71 منداڵ، و زیاتر لە 22,000 دەستبەسەرکراو. نۆ خۆپیشاندەریش بە بڕیاری دادگا لەسێدارە دران.
سێ ساڵ دواتر، ناڕەزایەتییەکانی ڕاپەڕینەکە — حیجابی زۆرەملێ، پۆلیسی ڕەوشت، بێسزا مانەوەی دادوەری، و ڕێبەرێکی باڵای وەڵامنەدەرەوە — ڕاستەوخۆ بوونە هۆکاری ڕاپەڕینی زستانی خوێناوی 2025–2026.
میراتی Mahsa Jina Amini چییە؟
ناوی ئەمینی لەسەر شەقام، مەیدان و خەڵاتەکان لە ئاستی جیهاندا دانراوە. لە ساڵی 2023دا پەرلەمانی ئەوروپا خەڵاتی ساخارۆڤ بۆ ئازادیی بیروڕا ی پێ بەخشی — کە لە غیابی خۆیدا، لەلایەن خێزانەکەیەوە لە ستراسبۆرگ وەرگیرا دوای ئەوەی کۆماری ئیسلامی گەشتکردنی لێ قەدەغە کردن. خەڵاتی ساخارۆڤ یەکەمجار بوو ببەخشرێتە کەسێک کە پێشتر گیانی لەدەستدابوو.
لە ناوخۆی ئێراندا، خێزانەکەی بەردەوام ڕووبەڕووی هەراسانکردن بوونەتەوە، بۆ ماوەیەکی کورت دەستبەسەر کراون، ڕێگرییان لێ کراوە مەراسیمی یادکردنەوە بگێڕن و قەدەغەی گەشتکردنیان لەسەر دانراوە. ئامۆزاکەی، عیرفان مورتەزایی، لە ساڵی 2023دا لە غیابدا سزای لەسێدارەدانی بەسەردا سەپێنرا.